Heat the oven: Preheat to 400°F (200°C). Line a large sheet pan with parchment for easy cleanup.
Cook the beef: In a large skillet over medium-high heat, warm the oil.
Add the onion and cook 3–4 minutes until soft. Stir in the garlic for 30 seconds.
Season: Add the ground beef, breaking it up as it browns. Stir in chili powder, cumin, smoked paprika, oregano, salt, and pepper.
Cook until no longer pink, 5–7 minutes.
Add moisture: Stir in the tomato sauce or salsa. Simmer 2 minutes to coat the beef and keep it juicy. Taste and adjust seasoning.
Layer the chips: Spread tortilla chips in an even layer on the sheet pan.
Aim for slight overlap, not a deep pile, so everything melts evenly.
Build the nachos: Sprinkle half the cheddar over the chips. Spoon the seasoned beef evenly across. Scatter the black beans and jalapeños, then top with the remaining cheddar.
Bake: Place the pan in the oven for 6–8 minutes, until the cheese is melted and bubbly.
Finish with fresh toppings: Add sour cream, tomatoes, avocado, green onions, cilantro, and a squeeze of lime.
Serve hot with extra jalapeños or hot sauce if you like.