Prep the pan: Line the bottom of a 9-inch springform pan with parchment and lightly grease the sides. Preheat the oven to 325°F (163°C).
Wrap the outside of the pan with foil for a water bath.
Make the crust: Stir graham crumbs, sugar, salt, and melted butter until it resembles wet sand. Press firmly into the bottom of the pan. Bake for 8–10 minutes until set, then cool slightly.
Make the filling: Beat cream cheese and sugar on medium until smooth and fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Mix in sour cream, vanilla, lemon juice, and salt. Add eggs one at a time on low, mixing just until combined. Do not overmix.
Build the crumble: In a bowl, whisk flour, brown sugar, cinnamon, and salt. Cut in cold butter with a fork until coarse crumbs form.
Stir in toasted pecans.
Assemble: Pour the cheesecake batter over the crust. Drizzle 2–3 tablespoons caramel over the top and swirl gently with a knife. Sprinkle the pecan crumble evenly over the batter.
Bake in a water bath: Place the pan in a larger roasting pan and pour hot water halfway up the sides.
Bake 60–70 minutes, until the edges are set and the center wobbles slightly.
Cool slowly: Turn off the oven, crack the door, and let the cheesecake rest inside for 45 minutes. Remove, run a thin knife around the edge, and cool to room temperature.
Chill: Cover and refrigerate at least 6 hours, preferably overnight. Before serving, drizzle with more caramel and a pinch of flaky salt.