Prep the pan: Heat oven to 425°F (220°C). Generously butter an 8-cup muffin tin and dust with cocoa powder, tapping out the excess. This prevents sticking and keeps the edges neat.
Melt chocolate and butter: In a heatproof bowl, melt the chocolate and butter over a gentle simmering water bath, stirring until smooth.
Remove from heat and let cool 3–4 minutes.
Whisk the eggs and sugars: In a separate bowl, whisk the eggs, yolk, granulated sugar, and brown sugar for about 1 minute, until slightly thick and lighter in color.
Add flavor boosters: Whisk in vanilla, salt, and espresso powder (or cooled brewed espresso). Stir until the espresso dissolves and the mixture smells fragrant.
Combine with chocolate: Slowly pour the warm chocolate-butter mixture into the egg mixture, whisking constantly until smooth and glossy.
Fold in dry ingredients: Sift in the flour and cocoa powder. Fold gently with a spatula just until no dry streaks remain.
Do not overmix.
Fill the cups: Divide the batter evenly among the prepared muffin cups. If using chocolate cubes, press one into the center of each cup and cover with a little batter.
Bake: Bake 9–12 minutes. Look for set edges and a soft, slightly sunken center that jiggles. Do not overbake or you’ll lose the lava effect.
Rest and release: Let muffins rest in the pan for 2 minutes.
Run a thin knife around the edges, then invert onto a tray. Serve warm.
Finish: Dust with cocoa or powdered sugar. Add ice cream or whipped cream if you like.